01 · 第二章
替换类型
抽象 ↔ 具体替换
核心:抽象词不等于某个具体例子,但具体例子一定属于抽象词范畴。
多/种类 a variety of / various / a wide range of / multiple → many / numerous / diverse / several / a number of
事物 activities → industries / businesses / services;factors → reasons / causes / elements;effects → impacts / consequences / outcomes;contributions → benefits / advantages
变化 development → growth / progress / expansion / evolution;change → shift / transformation / adjustment;improvement → enhancement / upgrade
警惕“过度缩小范围”;先核对核心逻辑,再抠细节。
逻辑替换 · 8 类
① 因果
② 比较 标记对象 A、对象 B、比较结果;缺任何一环都需谨慎。
③ 并列
④ 顺序 识别先后、高低及题目顺序。
⑤ 转折
转折后是重点;“It's generally acknowledged that…” 后文常转而否定公认看法。
⑥ 指代 可跨句、跨段,需回指真实主体。
⑦ 列举 识别总括项与具体项的归属。
⑧ 主被动 主动与被动表达可在题目、原文间互换。
必考词表 · 主题标签云
增加
减少
保护 protect · preserve · conservation · save
基因 genetics · talented · gifted · parent · breed · reproduce · offspring
发现 find · discover · identify · spot · detect · recognise
改变 vary · shift · modify · transform · revise · alter · reform
名称 named · called · referred to as · known as · termed · coined
方法 way · approach · method · means · access · solution
惊讶 surprising · unexpected · take aback
灭绝 extinction · die out · endangered
特别 special · unusual · not traditional · particular
各种 various · a series/range/array/line/list of · sorts/types of
媒体 media · newspaper · TV · broadcasting · magazine · radio
军事 military · war · battle · weapon
国际 international · global · world · cosmopolitan · overseas · not domestic
预测 predict · expect · anticipate
困难 difficult · demanding · hard · serious situation
局限 limit · restrict · confine · only · occupy part of
营养 nutrition · diet · food · protein · mineral
钱 cost · profit · investment · salary · fund · income · tax · expense · budget
进化 evolve · evolution · develop
政府 government · policy · authorities